Table 5 Cointegration tests employing Pedroni and Kao tests
From: Health expenditure, governance and SDG3 nexus: a longitudinal analysis in BRICS economies
Statistic | Test Value | p-value | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|
Pedroni Cointegration Test: | Â | Â | Â |
Panel v-Statistic | 2.10 | 0.0175 | Reject Hâ‚€ |
Panel rho-Statistic | -1.56 | 0.0590 | Do not reject Hâ‚€ |
Panel PP-Statistic | -2.45 | 0.0072 | Reject Hâ‚€ |
Panel ADF-Statistic | -2.98 | 0.0029 | Reject Hâ‚€ |
Group rho-Statistic | -0.65 | 0.2572 | Do not reject Hâ‚€ |
Group PP-Statistic | -3.21 | 0.0013 | Reject Hâ‚€ |
Group ADF-Statistic | -3.08 | 0.0021 | Reject Hâ‚€ |
Kao Residual Cointegration Test: | Â | Â | Â |
Kao Residual Test | -1.898 | 0.0288 | Reject Hâ‚€ |