Table 3 Financial protection and reimbursement (Strange`s security structure)
USA | China | India | Major differences | Sources | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coverage, including both public and private insurance schemes | Increased from 85–91% 2008-17, 2017-18 there was decrease. | Strong increase from 50–97% 2005-11, and stable rates thereafter. | Relatively low coverage, about 20–33% of the population. | China saw a massive increase in coverage rate. The US remained its high insurance coverage rate, and India its low rate. | [81] [82] [80] [85] [86] |
Share of public plans (% population) | Increased from 27–38% (2005-17). The share with private insurance remained relatively stable. | In 2018 more than 95% were covered by basic public health insurance. In 2018 private schemes accounted for 14% of the total insurance premium income. | Both private and public schemes were available. | ||
Out of pocket spending as percentage of current health expenditure: 2000-15 | 15 − 11% | 60 − 32% | 72 − 65% | The US levels of OOPs and catastrophic health spending were significantly lower than China and India`s. | |
Incidence of catastrophic payment: In the latest year available 2006–2015 (Year not specified, on the 25% threshold of household consumption) | 0.8% | 4.8% | 3.9% |