Table 3 Summary of thematic findings

(i) Reproductive and maternal health

● 3° Place in citations.

● 2° Place in full consistency to official global framework indicators.

● Low-Income States were the most frequent providers, followed by Lower Middle-Income States. Indicators’ citations decreased proportionally with the increase in the income classification.

Indicators:

● Highly cited with full consistency: maternal mortality (3.1.1) and birth deliveries by health personnel (3.1.2).

● Low citation: sexual health indicators (5.6.1 and 5.6.2).

(ii) Newborn and child health

● 1° Place in citations.

● 5° Place in full consistency to official global framework indicators: slightly below average.

Indicators:

● Highly cited with full consistency: underfive mortality (3.2.1) and neonatal mortality (3.2.2).

● Low and Lower Middle-Income States presented considerably more indicators of child malnutrition (2.2.1 and 2.2.2) and vaccination coverage (3.b.1).

(iii) Infectious diseases

● 2° Place in citations.

● 4° Place in full consistency to official global framework indicators: above average.

● Low-Income States were the most frequent providers, followed by Lower Middle-Income States. Indicators’ citations decreased proportionally with the increase in the income classification.

Indicators:

● Highly cited: HIV (3.3.1) and tuberculosis (3.3.2).

● Low citation: NTDs (3.3.5).

(iv) Noncommunicable diseases

● 6° Place in citations: below average.

● 3° Place in full consistency to official global framework indicators.

● High-Income States were the most frequent providers, followed by Upper Middle-Income States. Indicators’ citations increased proportionally with the increase in the income classification.

Indicators:

● Highly cited: cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or respiratory disease (3.4.1).

● Low citation: substance abuse treatment coverage (3.5.1).

(v) Injuries and violence

● 7° Place in citations.

● 7° Place in full consistency to official global framework indicators: second highest partial consistency.

Indicators:

● Highly cited: traffic accidents mortality (3.6.1) and homicides (16.1.1)

● Low citation: conflict-related deaths (16.1.2) and sexual violence by age 18 (16.2.3).

● Low full consistency: disasters (1.5.1), gender violence (5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.3.1, 5.3.2) and safety perception (16.1.4).

● Indicators’ citations for occupational injury (8.8.1) and homicide (16.1.1) increased proportionally with the increase in the income classification. Indicators citations for disasters (1.5.1) and gender violence (5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.3.1, 5.3.2) decreased proportionally with the increase in the income classification.

(vi) Environmental risks

● 5° Place in citations: slightly below average.

● 8° Place in full consistency to official global framework indicators: highest partial consistency.

Indicators:

● Highly cited: access to water (6.1.1) and sanitation services (6.2.1).

● Low citation: mortality from air pollution (3.9.1) and water and sanitation development assistance (6.a.1).

● Indicators related to more basic sanitation and pollution conditions, such as WASH (3.9.2), schools with sanitary services (4.a.1), safe water and sanitation (6.1.1 and 6.2.1), and reliance on clean fuels (7.1.2) were most cited by the and Low and Lower-Middle -Incomes States. Upper-Middle-Income and High-Income States cited indicators with more refined sanitary subjects, such as treated wastewater (6.3.1) and air quality (11.6.2).

(vii) Universal health coverage and health systems

● 8° Place in citations: near half of the average.

● 6° Place in full consistency to official global framework indicators: third highest partial consistency.

● There were no significant variations linked to income. The group received low frequencies and consistencies across all incomes.

Indicators:

● Lowest citation: health development assistance (3.b.2), health facilities with medicines available (3.b.3), and IHR capacity (3.d.1).

(viii) Others

● 4° Place in citations: above average.

● 1° Place in full consistency with official global framework indicators.

● Low-Income States were the most frequent providers, followed by Lower Middle-Income States. Indicators’ citations decreased proportionally with the increase in the income classification.

Indicators:

● Highly cited with full consistency: international poverty line (1.1.1) and access to electricity (7.1.1).

● Low citation: migration recruitment cost (10.7.1); migration policies (10.7.2); statistical legislation (17.18.2).

● Low full consistency: social protection coverage (1.3.1).