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Table 2 Budget balance conditions in recent IMF programs

From: Social protection and the International Monetary Fund: promise versus performance

 

Program initiation year

Budget balance condition

Year 1

Year 2

Inflation

Year 2, inflation adjusted

Percentage change, inflation adjusted

Argentina

2022

Floor

-2017.2

-3286.5

112.4

-1547.3

-23%

Benin

2022

Floor

-135.7

-13.1

3.3

-12.7

-91%

Cabo Verde

2022

Floor

-7.8

-6.3

4.5

-6.0

-22%

Cameroon

2021

Floor

-1078.0

-1083.0

5.7

-1024.6

-5%

Chad

2021

Floor

-440.0

-325.0

10.3

-294.7

-33%

Congo, D.R.

2021

Floor

-232.0

-2735.0

6.3

-2572.9

1009%

Congo, Rep.

2022

Floor

-506.0

-523.0

-4.5

-547.6

8%

Costa Rica

2021

Floor

-700.0

287.0

5.8

271.3

-139%

Ecuador

2020

Floor

-3.9

-4.1

2.6

-4.0

2%

Gabon

2021

Floor

-458.9

-470.8

20.6

-390.4

-15%

Kenya

2021

Floor

-507.8

-421.2

6

-397.4

-22%

Madagascar

2021

Floor

-1426.0

-888.0

7

-829.9

-42%

Mozambique

2022

Floor

2.7

7.5

8.1

6.9

157%

Niger

2021

Floor

-484.6

-553.2

3.9

-532.4

10%

Sudan

2021

Floor

-476.0

-296.0

41.5

-209.2

-56%

Suriname

2021

Floor

0.3

3.0

45.6

2.1

518%

Uganda

2021

Floor

-10754.0

-6808.0

8.2

-6292.1

-41%

Zambia

2022

Floor

-8.5

1.1

12.1

0.9

-111%

Afghanistan

2020

Ceiling

154.0

108.0

4.4

103.4

-33%

Jordan

2020

Ceiling

1.8

1.6

1.3

1.6

-10%

Nepal

2022

Ceiling

296.3

256.5

6.3

241.3

-19%

  1. Budget balance values expressed as billions of national currency. Inflation-adjusted values were calculated using the GDP deflator from IMF loan agreements. Kenya, Nepal, and Uganda use end-fiscal year rather than end-calendar year figures. Negative values for percentage changes indicate fiscal austerity for both floors and ceilings. Source Authors, drawing on IMF loan documentation