Table 4 Hospitalization due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) attributed to air pollution
From: Burden of cardiovascular disease attributed to air pollution: a systematic review
Author (year) | Title | Country (city) | Number of samples | Gender | Age (years) | Pollutant | Mean concentration (μg/m3) | Number of hospital admissionsa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laura Anderko (2014) [41] | Identifying Populations at Risk: Interdisciplinary Environmental Climate Change Tracking | USA (District of Columbia) | 2,773 | Male-female | 0–≥ 80 | PM2.5, PM10, O3 | PM2.5 = 20.9 PM10 = 11.8 O3 = 71.5 | CVD: 58 |
Rakesh Ghosh (2016) [42] | Near-Roadway Air Pollution and Coronary Heart Disease: Burden of Disease and Potential Impact of a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy in Southern California | USA (California) | 1.2 million | Male-female | 45–≥ 85 | PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC) | Nd | CHD: 8.9 per 1,000 individuals |
Gerardo Sanchez Martinez (2018) [43] | Health Impacts and Economic Costs of Air Pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Skopje | Republic of Macedonia (Skopje) | 531,524 | Male-female | ≥ 30 | PM2.5 | 49.2 | CVD: 547 |
Chaicharn Pothirat (2019) [44] | Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases | Thailand (Chiang Mai) | 4,685 | Male-female | Nd | PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 | Median PM10 = 37.36 PM2.5 = 20.42 SO2 = 2.62 NO2 = 27.92 CO = 1,130 O3 = 40.39 | Emergency visits: Hypertension: 237 HF: 102 MI: 30 Stroke: 221 Hospitalization: Hypertension: 298 HF: 223 MI: 53 Stroke: 285 |
Xiaojuan Zhu (2019) [45] | Risks of hospital admissions from a spectrum of causes associated with particulate matter pollution | China (Chengdu) | 3.72 million | Male-female | ≤ 14–≥ 65 | PM2.5, PM10 | PM2.5 = 57.3 PM10 = 94.7 | IHD: 32,117 MI: 2,228 Arrhythmias: 2,794 HF: 2,691 Stroke: 28,321 CEV: 44,260 |
Bangzhu Zhu (2019) [46] | Including intangible costs into the cost-of-illness approach: a method refinement illustrated based on the PM2.5 economic burden in China | China (76 cities) | 5.67 million | Male-female | Nd | PM2.5 | 40–160 | CVD: 106,888–128,116 |
Cheng-Pin Kuo (2021) [47] | Quantifying spatial heterogeneity of vulnerability to short-term PM2.5 exposure with data fusion framework | Taiwan (Tainan) | 69,261 | Male-female | < 65–≥ 65 | PM2.5 | 25.12 | CVD: 12,524 |
Yang Xie (2021) [48] | Short-Term Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Hospitalization Expenditures of Cause-Specific Cardiorespiratory Diseases in China: A Multicity Analysis | China (74 cities) | 88.5 million | Male-female | 15–64–≥ 65 | PM2.5 | 49.7 | CHD: 54,600 Stroke: 23,989 |
Maria D. Castillo (2021) [49] | Estimating Intra-Urban Inequities in PM2.5-Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC | USA (Washington) | 627,656 | Male-female | 0–99 | PM2.5 | 10–17.1 | IHD: 840 Stroke: 89 |
Marcos Lorran Paranhos Leão (2021) [50] | Health impact assessment of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian metropolis | Brazil (Recife) | 1,653,461 | Male-female | 15–> 65 | PM10, PM2.5 | PM10 = 15.5–22 PM2.5 = 7.33–13 | CVD: 11,188 |
Tao Liu (2022) [51] | Association of ambient PM1 with hospital admission and recurrence of stroke in China | China (292 cities) | 1,006,798 | Male-female | < 65–≥ 65 | PM1 | 43.78 | Ischemic stroke: 824,808 Transient ischemic attack: 62,535 Intracerebral hemorrhage: 83,693 Subarachnoid hemorrhage: 10,998 |
Wanyanhan Jiang (2022) [52] | The short-term effects and burden of particle air pollution on hospitalization for coronary heart disease: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Sichuan, China | China (9 cities) | 104,779 | Male-female | < 45–≥ 65 | PM10, PM2.5 | PM10 = 71.7 PM2.5 = 46.0 | CCHD: 83,471 AMI: 12,817 UA: 3,946 |
Yuzhi Xi (2022) [53] | Association Between Long-term Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Hemodialysis Patients | United States (national) | 314,079 | Male-female | 63.6 | PM2.5 | 8.7 | CVD: 208,113 |
Rodrigo Ugalde-Resano (2022) [54] | Short term exposure to ambient air pollutants and cardiovascular emergency department visits in Mexico City | Mexico (Mexico City) | 48,891 | Male-female | 30–≥ 60 | PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, CO | PM10 = 41.9 PM2.5 = 22.5 O3 = 116.4 NO2 = 50.3 SO2 = 10.6 CO = 0.98 | Daily visits: Hypertension: 31 IHD: 4 CVD: 5 |
Teng-fei Dong (2023) [55] | Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide and Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural Regions: A Time-series Analyses Using Data from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in Fuyang, East China | China (Fuyang) | 445,216 | Male-female | 18–≥ 75 | NO2 | 36.3 | CVDs: 488.2 IHD: 179.8 arrhythmias: 7.0 HF: 13.2 Ischemic stroke: 267.9 Hemorrhagic stroke: 20.2 |