Global smoking-related deaths averted due to MPOWER policies implemented at the highest level between 2007 and 2020

Table 6 Reduction in smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) from countries achieving the highest MPOWER level for smoke-free air laws (P): 2016–2020¹

Intervention country	Income status	Smoking rate		Total no. of smokers affected	Long-term effect size (%)	Total reduction in no. of smokers (row %)	Reduction in smoking-attributable deaths
		Males (%)	Females (%)				Reduction in smoking-attributable deaths
		Males (%)	Females (%)				HIC risks² (column %)	LMIC-adjusted³ (column %)
1. Antigua and Barbuda	HIC	4.4	2.2	2,430	-5.6	136 (6)	68 (< 1)	68 (< 1)
2. Benin	LIC	8.7	1.3	327,000	-2.6	8,470 (3)	4,230 (3)	2,750 (3)
3. Bolivia	MIC	22.1	5.6	1,080,000	-5.0	54,000 (5)	27,000 (17)	17,500 (17)
4. Burundi	LIC	15.8	2.1	536,000	-1.4	7,490 (1)	3,750 (2)	2,440 (2)
5. Ethiopia	LIC	6.5	0.9	2,380,000	-2.5	59,500 (3)	29,700 (18)	19,300 (18)
6. Guyana	MIC	23.2	2.5	71,700	-5.4	3,890 (5)	1,940 (1)	1,260 (1)
7. Jordan	MIC	57.1	12.9	2,310,000	-5.5	127,000 (5)	63,400 (39)	41,200 (39)
8. Niue	LIC	20.5	11.0	190	-8.6	17 (9)	8 (< 1)	5 (< 1)
9. Paraguay	MIC	19.8	4.8	609,000	-6.7	40,700 (7)	20,300 (12)	13,200 (12)
10. Saint Lucia	MIC	14.3	1.8	11,700	-5.6	655 (6)	327 (< 1)	213 (< 1)
11.Tajikistan	LIC	14.7	0.3	430,000	-5.5	23,500 (5)	11,700 (7)	7,630 (7)
Total				7,760,000		325,000 (4)	163,000	106,000

Smoking rates for Antigua and Barbuda were taken from https://files.tobaccoatlas.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/antigua-and-barbuda-country-facts-en.pdf; Niue from https://gsthr.org/countries/profile/niu/; Saint Lucia from-https://files.tobaccoatlas.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/st-lucia-country-facts-en.pdf; and Tajikistan from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/357221561130314918/pdf/Tajikistan-Overview-of-Tobacco-Use-Tobacco-Control-Legislation-and-Taxation.pdf. Accessed September 2023
¹Rounding has been applied to all estimates as in Levy et al. [37]. Numbers may not sum due to rounding
²The High Income Country (HIC) risks apply the 0.5 multiplier to the total reduction in number of smokers in all countries to reflect that 50% of all people who smoke will die from smoking
³The Low and Middle Income Country (LMIC) adjusted estimates apply the 0.65 multiplier to the total reduction in number of smokers in LMICs countries to reflect the lower mortality risk of smoking in these countries

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