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Table 5 Policy specifications and effect sizes used in the replication of the Abridged SimSmoke model

From: Global smoking-related deaths averted due to MPOWER policies implemented at the highest level between 2007 and 2020

Policy

Description

Short-term

effect size

(% effect)a

Long-term multiplier

Awareness adjustorb

Urban Adjustorc

Labour Adjustor d

Lower and upper bounds

Protecting (P): Smoke-free air laws (effects are additive over policies)

 Indoor workplaces:

smoke free

Ban in all indoor workplaces

6% distributed by a proportional allocation

1.25

1.5

yes

yes

(-50%, + 50%)

 Restaurants: smoke free

Ban in all indoor restaurants

2%

1.25

1.5

yes

yes

(-50%, + 50%)

 Pubs and bars: smoke free

Ban in all indoor pubs and bars

1%

1.25

1.5

yes

yes

(-50%, + 50%)

 Other indoor places

Ban in all other public places

1%

1.25

1.5

yes

yes

(-50%, + 50%)

 Compliance

Ranking out of 10 scaled to continuous value between 0 and 1 and averaged over the two time periods

25% of the effect depends on the ratio of compliance

     

 Publicity

Based on tobacco control funding (US$) per capita. Set at high (1), medium (0.75) and low (0.5)

25% of effect depends on publicity

     

Offering (O): Cessation services (effects are additive over policies)

 Quit line

If available. Quit line assumed operating active

0.75%

2.5

1.5

yes

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Availability of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)

If NRT provided by general store or pharmacy w/ Rx = 1

If NRT is provided by general store or pharmacy (no Rx required) = 2

1% if score of 2

2.5

1.5

yes

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Provision of treatments

By types of facility: Available in some or most facilities and cost covered as either partial or fully to attain the effect size

2.25% distributed by a

proportional allocation

2.5

1.5

yes

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Publicity

Based on tobacco control funding ($) per capita. Set at high (1), medium (0.75) andlow (0.5)

Set in US dollars and 15 years plus population

     

Warning (W): Health warnings (first four categories are mutually exclusive)

 Complete health warnings

Large warnings with all appropriate characteristics. Score = 5

4.0%

2

2

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Strong health warnings

Medium size warnings with all appropriate characteristics or large warnings missing some appropriate characteristics. Score = 4

2.0%

2

2

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Medium health warnings

Medium size warnings missing some or many appropriate characteristics or large warnings missing many appropriate characteristics. Score = 3

1.0%

2

2

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Low health warnings

No warning or small warnings. Score = 2

0%

2

2

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

Enforcing (E): Bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) (first four categories are mutually exclusive)

 Complete ban on TAPS

Ban on all forms of direct and/or indirect advertising (or at least 90% of the population covered by complete subnational bans). Score = 5

5%

1.3

2

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Strong ban on TAPS

Ban on national television, radio and print media as well as on some but not all other forms of direct and/or indirect advertising. Score = 4

3%

1.3

2

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Medium ban on TAPS

Ban on national television, radio and print media only. Score = 3

1%

1.3

2

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

 Absence of ban on TAPS

Complete absence of ban, or ban that does not cover national television, radio and print media, Score = 2

0%

1.3

2

no

no

 

 Compliance

Ranking out of 10 standardised to a continuous value between 0 and 1 and averaged over the two time periods

50% of the effect depends on the ratio of compliance

  

no

no

 

Raising (R): Raise cigarette taxes

 Increase in retail price of cigarettes due to taxes

Cigarette price in local currency and adjusted by inflation. Smoking prevalence price elasticities applied to % change in inflation-adjusted price

Price elasticities based HICse (0.15) or LMICse (0.20)

2

no

no

no

(-50%, + 50%)

  1. Country inflation rates taken from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG. Accessed September 2023
  2. Country rate of employment in agriculture taken from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.GR.EMPL.ZS. Accessed September 2023
  3. Coutes taken from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.NE.ZS. Accessed September 2023
  4. Country income status taken from https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. Accessed September 2023
  5. aThe initial effect size is the short term-effect that is multiplied by the long-term multiplier with Awareness, Urban and Labour adjustments as specified in the table
  6. bThe Awareness adjustor is multiplied by the effect size for low and middle-income countries
  7. cThe Urban adjustor reduces the effect to reflect the percent urban for the policies indicated
  8. dThe Labour Adjustor reduces the effect to reflect the percent working for the policies indicated
  9. eHIC High-Income Country, LMIC Low and Middle Income Country